Cognitive Theories

Theories give us perspective, theories are like different view points, like multiple windows.  We can find 3 different perspectives:  Behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism.

Behaviourism:  This perspective sees mind as a black box where you put information.  Here learning are regular, expected responses and the way to instruct is by repetition and reinforcement, practice gives perfection.

Cognitivism:  This perspective sees mind as a computer a place to store information.  Learning is through a recall of information, tha is when learning occurs.  The instruction is to grab the attention and help the students make sense to that infomation.

Constructivism:  Sees mind as a rizhone, where all different skills are interconected, we learn building knowledge by doing (experience).  The instruction is to guide problem solving through skills.

There are two different types of skills

Descriptive theory: Which answers the question what learning is and how it happens? Learning theory describes learning as an outcome.
Learning theory: answers the question How do we help people learn?  The outcome is the instructional theory that gives methods to foster learning and prescribes ways to learn.

Teaching models

1.-Define the three models in your own words

Traditional EducationIt is a very formal and authoritarian education based in discipline, punctuality and obedience.
BehaviorismIn this models the behavior is modified or altered by changing the enviroment or the rules so that you will get the result you want, very positivist
ConstructivismThis is a theory of knowledge in which we construct our own meaning according to our won reality, in this model we can interact with the learning experience
2)Mention three precursorsfor each modelTraditional Education
Jean Piaget
Maria Montesori
William Spady

Behaviorist
Ivan Pavlov
Alan Kazdin
Albert Bandura

Constructivism
Vigotsky
George Kelly
Humberto Maturana3.-What do they have in common

They just have in common the behaviour conduct of students  because in the first one we can see that there is an authoritarian form of seeing the position of the students, the second one tries to change the behavior  and the last one thinks that the student could construct their own knowledge .

4.-What are the main differences among them

the main differences are: for the first one it is really important being an obedient person, the second one tries to change the environment just to change the students behaviour , and the third one leaves the student creates their own knowledge a particular thing that couldn’t have been thought before for the traditional education.

Workshop 3

1.-What is the historical context of this character?
    The historical context of Pestalozzi is in the children and more nursery learning. He was in the France revolution helping politically in the education of war orphan and poor children.

2.- Describe the character. Mention the main aspects of his life
    He was a reckless child at school, without improved skills but his naturalism pedagogy tell about education as an intuitive process. He had a great admiration of Rousseau and his ideas about naturalism, the importance of teaching in equality of sex, the importance of the physical education as Grecian taught.

3.- What does this character propound in education?
    Pestalozzi's pedagogy focuses on in elementary education and, since 181, he and his collaborators named the Pestalozzian system with the name of "very elemental education". His education propounds that the process of human development (sensitive, intelectual and moral) follows the same evolutive course of the child's nature, without artificially skip steps of the same. Pestalozzi sees the education as a "help" that is given to the child in this process to fulfill themselves and the educative and teaching activity is seen as an "art". It is from vital importance in Pestalozzi's pedagogy his method of intuition, through which they can develop his proposal in education.

4.-What is the role of the teacher in his model?
    The teacher is more a mediator or guide than a conductor. As we see here, Pestalozzi thinks that children have to learn in harmony with nature, but they only need help. It is the teacher who adapts himself to the child's mental development and not otherwise. The teacher doesn't push the situation, he creates a proper environment through sensitive the education follows the humanity development.

5.-What is the role of the student in this model?
    Pestalozzi says that the pedagogy of love, we need to trust on the students' capacities, because the education follos the humanity development

6.-Give and example of his model in a specific situation.
Pestalozzi indicates we should enrich the memory of children with simple explanations of objects and material. In this case students could remember all that has been taught because of the pleasure to learn something new that a tutor who children love, it is easier to get.

Definitions

Definition of Didactics:

Didactics is a fundamental part of the education, and this word has its ethimological origin in two words from the latin; Educare (to lead, to guide, to orientate) and Educere (to extract, to bring light).  Didactics comes from the greek "didajein" which means to teach, to instruct, to expound clearly.

First of all, I have to say that didactics is the science or the art of teaching.

Didactics is the discipline that has a main target, the technique of teaching, which means that It specializes in the way of lead and orientate the students efficiently, in all the levels and in all the processes and methods to achive it.

Domains:

Psychology: It was used by Pavlov, Guthrie, Thondike, Skinner, Ausbel, V. Gotsky.

Pedagogy: Suchas, Dewey, Clopaede, Piaget.

Philosophy: Manier, García, Hoz.

Sociology: Casinet, Kerschensteiner, Makarenko, Apple.

Information Theory and General System.

Comunication Theory, The New School, Renovation Movements.

Teaching: Form a didactic perspective and we could distinguish 4 models.

1.  Technological model.

2.  Process model or investigation at the action.

3. Situational models or artistics.

4.  Socio-critics model.

This is my blog...
my expectations of this subject are to pass the hole subject and get a better idea about teaching.